Adjectives

Aim - use adjectives to describe things - the TALL man, the NEW car

Soft Adjectives

When using these adjectives, add the subject prefix to the start of the adjective.

• -ntle (beautiful) mosadi montle, basadi bantle, le@@ lentle, etc

-ntle	beautiful
-tona	big
-kima	fat
-sesane	slim
-nnye	small/young/little
-leele	long/tall
-khutshwane	short
-ntsi	many/plenty
-sweu	white
-ntsho	black
-tala	blue/green
-hibidu	red

Strong/Hard Adjectives

These adjectives stay the same whatever the noun is.

• monate (nice/enjoyable) @@@ monate, ba@@ monate, le@@ monate, etc

monate	nice/enjoyable/tasty
maswe	ugly/bad
turu	expensive
chipi	cheap
thata	hard/strong/very much
motlhofo	weak/lightweight/simple
leswe	dirty
sekono	clean
bokete	hard/heavy

Use in simple sentences

• nna ke montle - I am beautiful
• mosadi o montle - the woman is beautiful
• Batswana ba bantsi mo Botswana - Batswana are many in Botswana
• Batswana ga ba bantsi mo UK - Batswana are few (not many) in the UK
• mosese o mohibidu - the dress is red (or "the red dress" see below)

More complex sentences

using the adjective in normal sentences requires use of the "adjectival concord", related to the relative construction see later.

• mosadi yo montle o bidiwa Sara - the beautiful woman is called Sarah
  

here "yo" is the adjectival concord for noun mosadi

Adjectival Concords

Class	Example	Adjectival Concord	Soft Adjective	Subject Marker
Class 1	Mosadi	yo	mo-ntle	o
Class 2	Batho	ba	ba-ntle	ba
Class 3	Molomo	o	mo-ntle	o
Class 4	mesese	e	me-ntle	e
Class 5	legodu	le	le-ntle	le
Class 6	makgowa	a	ma-ntle	a
Class 7	Setswana	se	se-ntle	se
Class 8	dimumu	tse	di-ntle	di
Class 9	koloi	e	ntle	e
Class 10	diphologolo	tse	di-ntle	di
Class 11	lorole	lo	lo-ntle	lo
Class 12	dikgong	tse	di-ntle	di
Class 14	borotha	bo	bo-ntle	bo
Class 15	go ithuta	go	go-ntle	go

Note the adjectival concord is the same as the subject prefix except for class 1 o -> yo and subject prefix di -> tse

Comprehension Exercise

Leina la me ke Sara. Ke fana ka Boardman. Ke tswa kwa California mo Amerika. Ke na le dingwaga di le 23. Batsadi ba me ba nna kwa California. Rre ke ngaka ya meno, mme ene ga a bereke o tlhokomela lelapa. Re bararo, ke na le bo-kgaitsadiake ba babedi, yo motona le yo monnye. Nkgonne o bereka mo restaurenteng, o itse go apaya thata. O tlhola a re apeela pizza, tlhapi le dikheiki. Leina la gagwe ke Paul. O na le dingwaga di le 25. Paul o nyetse. Mosadi wa gagwe o bidiwa Kim. Ba ne le ngwana a le mongwe fela, ke mosetsana.

Nnake o bidiwa Rob, o na le dingwaga tse 19. O santse a tsena sekolo kwa University ya California. O dira ngwaga wa bobedi.

Rotlhe re rata Rob thata ka gore re akanya gore ke mosimane yo monnye, gape o botlhale thata. Ke akanya gore ngwaga e, Rob o tlaa nketela. Fa a tla, re tlaa ya kwa Chobe go bone diphologolo. Kwa Chobe go monate ka gore go na le diphologolo, dinonyane le metsi a mantsi.

Nkoko le ntatemogolo ba tlhokafetse. Ke na le rakgadi le malome. Rakgadi o bereka mo shopong. Go a na bana, o nna a le nosi. Fa ke fetsi tiro ya me mono, ke tlaa nna le rakgadi kwa Pensylvania. Malome ene o na le bana ba le babedi. Bo-Ntsalake ba tsena mo High School, ke basetsana botlhe. Ke a ba rata, gape ke eletsa gore le bone ba nketele fa dikolo tsa bone di tswalwa.

Jaanong araba dipotso tse: (now answer these questions:)

1. Leina la mokwadi ke mang?
2. Dingwaga tsa gagwe di kae?
3. O tsaletswe kae?
4. Rragwe o dira eng?
5. Leina la mogolowe ke mang?
6. Rob ke mang?
7. Rob ke ngwana wa bokae mo lapeng?
8. Botlhe ba rata Rob ka goreng?
9. Rob o dira ngwaga wa bokae kwa University?
10. Kwa Chobe go monate kagoreng?
11. Sara o ikaelela go dira eng fa a fetsa tiro ya gagwe mono?

Template table - Vocabulary

fana	x
dingwaga	years
batsadi	parents
ngaka ya meno	dentist (doctor of teeth)
tlhokomela	to nurse/look after
lelapa	home / compound
-raro	three
kgaitsadiaka	my brother/sister
tlhola	to spend the day
apeela	to cook for
tlhapi	fish
dikheiki
nyetse	has married (past tense)
fela	only / nonetheless
santse	has rained lightly (past tense) ????
rotlhe	all of us
akanya	to think
gore	that/so that
botlhale	x
nketela	x
diphologolo	animals
diononyane	x
mantsi	x
tlhokafetse	has become scarce/has died
rakgadi	aunt (father's sister)
malome	uncle (mather's brother)
a le nosi	alone
fetsa	finish/complete
botlhe	all of them ??
eletsa	wish for/desire
nketele	x
dikolo	x
tswalwa	being closed/shut