https://setswana.info/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_present_tense&feed=atom&action=historyVerbs - present tense - Revision history2024-03-29T09:28:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.26.0https://setswana.info/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_present_tense&diff=216&oldid=prevAdmin: Protected "Verbs - present tense" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]2009-03-20T18:51:50Z<p>Protected "<a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_present_tense" title="Verbs - present tense">Verbs - present tense</a>" [edit=sysop:move=sysop]</p>
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</td></tr></table>Adminhttps://setswana.info/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_present_tense&diff=179&oldid=prevJacob at 19:23, 31 May 20072007-05-31T19:23:52Z<p></p>
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<td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:23, 31 May 2007</td>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">__NOTOC__</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Verbs in Setswana (and most Bantu languages) are almost always accompanied by a subject marker (except in the imperative/command form).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Verbs in Setswana (and most Bantu languages) are almost always accompanied by a subject marker (except in the imperative/command form).</div></td></tr>
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</table>Jacobhttps://setswana.info/wiki/index.php?title=Verbs_-_present_tense&diff=143&oldid=prevJacob: New page: Verbs in Setswana (and most Bantu languages) are almost always accompanied by a subject marker (except in the imperative/command form). ===Basic Subject Markers=== We have already seen th...2007-05-17T20:26:22Z<p>New page: Verbs in Setswana (and most Bantu languages) are almost always accompanied by a subject marker (except in the imperative/command form). ===Basic Subject Markers=== We have already seen th...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Verbs in Setswana (and most Bantu languages) are almost always accompanied by a subject marker (except in the imperative/command form).<br />
<br />
===Basic Subject Markers===<br />
We have already seen the subject markers<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| ke || I (1st person) <br />
|-<br />
| o || you (2nd person)<br />
|-<br />
| o* || he/she (3rd person)<br />
|-<br />
| re || we <br />
|-<br />
| le** || you (plural)<br />
|-<br />
| ba || them<br />
|}<br />
.*in the negative, this becomes "a"<br><br />
.**in some dialects, marker "lo" is used instead of "le"<br><br />
These are the subject markers for people, there are many other markers for nouns which belong to other classes - see later in [[noun classes]]<br />
<br />
===Present Tense (Short Form)===<br />
In this form, the present tense is simply made by adding the subject marker and the verb. However, this can only be used when there is a word following the verb (otherwise you use the "long form" see below)<br />
<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| ke bidiwa Paul || I am called Paul <br />
|-<br />
| o bidiwa Ntathi || she is called Ntathi (or you are called Ntathi)<br />
|-<br />
| monna o ja apole || the man (he) is eating an apple<br />
|-<br />
| re ithutha Setswana || we are learning Setswana <br />
|-<br />
| ke bao ko lelapeng || I am returning home<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Present Tense (long form)===<br />
If there are no words following the verb, then an extra "a" marker must be added before the verb (called the "long form marker")<br />
<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| re a ithuta || we are learning<br />
|-<br />
| basadi ba a ja || the women (they) are eating<br />
|-<br />
| ke a kwala || I am writing<br />
|-<br />
| ke a bao jaanong || I am returning now *<br />
|}<br />
.* the verb still takes the long form even though followed by "jaanong". More strictly the long form applies if the verb is "questionable" (eg "I am returning now" is questionable - where are you returning? but "I am returning home" is not)<br />
<br />
===Present Tense (negative)===<br />
To form the negative, the negative article "ga" comes before the subject marker, and the end of the verb changes from "a" to "e". The long form marker "a" disappears.<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| monna o ja apole || monna ga a je apole* || the man (he) is not eating an apple<br />
|-<br />
| re ithutha Setswana || ga re ithuthe Setswana || we are not learning Setswana <br />
|-<br />
| re a ithuta || ga re ithute || we are not learning<br />
|-<br />
| basadi ba a ja || basadi ga ba je || the women (they) are not eating<br />
|-<br />
| ke a kwala || ga ke kwale || I am not writing<br />
|}<br />
.* Note "o" subject marker changes to "a" in negative form<br />
<br />
<br />
===Verb "to be"===<br />
There is no direct equivalent of the verb "to be" in Setswana. The marker "ke" is used to express identity, but in other situations the normal subject marker is used. <br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| Jane ke moruti || Jane is a teacher<br />
|-<br />
| Jane o montle || Jane is beautiful<br />
|}<br />
This will become clearer with use<br />
<br />
===Negative of verb "to be"===<br />
The marker "se" is used as the negative of "ke"<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| Jane ga se moruti || Jane is not a teacher<br />
|-<br />
| Jane ga o montle || Jane is not beautiful<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
===Verb "to have"===<br />
The words "na le" are used for possession, and also for association (think of it as being "to be with")<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| ke na le koloi || I have a car<br />
|-<br />
| Jane o na le bana || Jane has children<br />
|-<br />
| Mary o na le Pitso || Mary is with Pitso<br />
|-<br />
| Go na le batho mo ofising || There are people in the office (literally "to be with people in the office")<br />
|}<br />
"Go" is the subject marker for infinitives (see later in [[noun classes]])<br />
<br />
===Negative of "to have"===<br />
In the negative form as well as adding the negative article "ga", the "le" dissapears<br />
<br />
{| style="color:green;background-color:#ffffcc;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| ke na le koloi || ga ke na koloi || I don't have a car<br />
|-<br />
| Jane o na le bana || Jane ga a na bana || Jane hasn't any children<br />
|-<br />
| Mary o na le Pitso || Mary ga a na Pitso || Mary isn't with Pitso<br />
|-<br />
| Go na le batho mo ofising || Ga go na batho mo ofising || There aren't any people in the office<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vocabulary - Verbs ===<br />
{| style="color:black;background-color:#ffcc99;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| bereka || work<br />
|-<br />
| rata || like/love<br />
|-<br />
| ithuta || learn<br />
|-<br />
| tshwara || catch<br />
|-<br />
| thusa || help<br />
|-<br />
| bina || dance<br />
|-<br />
| opela || sing<br />
|-<br />
| nwa || drink<br />
|-<br />
| taga || intoxicate<br />
|-<br />
| utswa || steal<br />
|-<br />
| batla || want/need<br />
|-<br />
| sia || run away<br />
|-<br />
| bela || boil/brew<br />
|-<br />
| tsoga || wake up <br />
|-<br />
| tlhola || spend the day<br />
|-<br />
| robala || sleep<br />
|-<br />
| sala || stay<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Vocabulary - Nouns ===<br />
{| style="color:black;background-color:#ffcc99;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1"<br />
| mosadi || basadi || woman <br />
|-<br />
| mosetsana || basetsana || girl<br />
|-<br />
| motswana || batswana || Botswana national<br />
|-<br />
| moithuti || baithuti || trainees/learners<br />
|-<br />
| lepodisi || x || police officer<br />
|-<br />
| x || masole || soldier<br />
|-<br />
| sefofu || x || blind person<br />
|-<br />
| x || digole || disabled person<br />
|-<br />
| kgomo || x || cow<br />
|-<br />
| lonao || x || foot<br />
|-<br />
| bojalwa || x || beer/alcoholic beverage<br />
|-<br />
| mabele || x || sorghum<br />
|-<br />
| setswana || x || language of Batswana<br />
|-<br />
| legodu || x || thief<br />
|-<br />
| metsi || x || water<br />
|-<br />
| madi || x || money/blood<br />
|}</div>Jacob